Ok Randy,
Which atmega do you have m644 / m644p ?
In any case, you don’t need a crystal to burn the firmware the first time. Because the Atmega, from factory, is programmed to run with internal oscillator.
For a test you can try check your communication with the mcu, with this command:
avrdude -c usbtiny -p m644 -B 1 -v -l log.txt
If you don’t have a correct answer, check your setting (connection/power supply) with your isp programmer.
It can be useful, to help you, to post, your actual connection with your ISP programmer and also with mcu and your drawing.
In addition, the complete log generated (log.txt).